雖然悉尼(雪梨)和墨爾本規模更大且更著名,但坎培拉是在1908年作為這兩座競爭城市之間的折衷方案而被選為首都的。多倫多是金融中心,但渥太華在1857年由維多利亞女王選為首都,因為它更具防禦性,且位於英語區和法語區之間。巴西在1960年將首都從里約熱內盧遷至專門規劃、呈飛機形狀的城市巴西利亞,以鼓勵該國內陸地區的發展。伊斯坦堡是歷史悠久且最大的城市,但安卡拉因其中心位置於1923年成為新成立的土耳其共和國的首都。與許多國家不同,瑞士稱伯恩為其「聯邦城」而非法律意義上的首都,儘管它充當著事實上的政府所在地。南非非常獨特,擁有三個首都。普利托里亞為行政首都,開普敦為立法首都,而布隆泉則是司法首都。哈薩克於1997年將首都自阿拉木圖遷出。在經歷一段簡短的更名時期(2019年至2022年更名為「努爾蘇丹」)後,官方已恢復現名阿斯塔納。雖然胡志明市是該國最大的經濟中心,但河內作為越南的政治核心已有超過一千年的歷史。1991年,奈及利亞將首都從擁擠的沿海城市拉哥斯遷往阿布加。阿布加是一座位於國家地理中心的規劃城市,旨在對所有族群保持中立。卡薩布蘭卡是最大的城市也是電影界的明星,但拉巴特才是行政中心以及國王的主要官邸所在地。伊斯蘭堡建於 20 世紀 60 年代,取代喀拉蚩成為首都。選址於此是因其位於馬加拉山腳下的戰略位置和較涼爽的氣候。軍政府於 2005 年將首都從仰光遷至新建的巨型城市奈比多。該市以其巨大的規模和異常空曠的 20 線道公路而聞名。雖然可倫坡仍是商業首都,但國民議會位於鄰近的郊區斯里賈亞瓦德納普拉科特。阿必尚是經濟樞紐,但已故總統烏弗埃-博瓦尼於 1983 年將首都遷至他的出生地雅穆索戈。首都在 20 世紀 70 年代正式遷至多多馬以實現政府集中化,儘管許多大使館和政府機構仍留在沿海城市三蘭港。基多位於安第斯山脈高處,是世界上第二高的官方首都,也是首個被聯合國教科文組織列為世界文化遺產的城市。玻利維亞有兩個首都。蘇克雷是憲法規定的法定首都,而拉巴斯則是政府(行政和立法)所在地。杜拜雖然在全球最知名,但阿布扎比才是首都,也是七個酋長國中最富有的,擁有該國大部分的石油儲備。雖然由於國際爭端,大多數外國大使館都設在特拉維夫,但以色列指定耶路撒冷為其首都及政府所在地。安曼是世界上最古老的持續有人居住的城市之一,也是哈希姆王國現代行政和文化的中心。雅加達是現任首都,不過印尼目前正在東加里曼丹建設名為「努山塔拉」的新首都以取代它。因作為非洲聯盟總部所在地,常被稱為「非洲的政治首都」。惠靈頓是主權國家中最靠南的首都。它於1865年取代奧克蘭成為首都,以便位於更中心的位置。塔什干是中亞最大的城市,也是古代絲綢之路上的主要樞紐。這座城市位於奧斯陸峽灣的盡頭,是每年諾貝爾和平獎頒獎典禮的所在地。在殖民時期被譽為「亞洲明珠」,坐落於湄公河與洞里薩河的交匯處。「杜尚別」這個名字在當地語言中意為「星期一」,指的是當地每逢週一舉行的著名市集。聖地牙哥坐落於被白雪覆蓋的安地斯山脈環繞的山谷中,是智利的工業與金融中心。哈瓦那以其西班牙殖民時期建築以及作為新世界重要港口的歷史地位而享譽全球。布魯塞爾常被稱為「歐洲首都」,是歐盟與北約總部的所在地。被譽為「陽光下的綠色城市」,它是世界上唯一一座邊界內擁有國家公園的城市。馬尼拉是世界上人口最稠密的城市之一,也是該國的歷史與政治中心。巴庫位於裏海沿岸,被譽為「風之城」,融合了聯合國教科文組織的中世紀遺址與未來感十足的摩天大樓。阿克拉坐落於大西洋沿岸,是西非重要的行政與經濟樞紐。哈博羅內是非洲增長最快的城市之一,位於靠近南非邊境的地區。都柏林位於利菲河河口,是聯合國教科文組織評選的文學之都,也是著名的健力士黑啤展覽館所在地。多哈居住著卡塔爾 80% 以上的人口,並舉辦了 2022 年國際足協世界盃的多場重大賽事。比什凱克以其寬闊的林蔭大道、公共公園和蘇聯時期的現代大理石建築而聞名。加德滿都坐落在被喜馬拉雅山脈環繞的山谷中,以其古老的寺廟和充滿活力的歷史廣場而聞名。里斯本是世界上最古老的城市之一,比倫敦和巴黎等其他現代歐洲首都早了幾個世紀。You scored 0 out of 40You scored 1 out of 40You scored 2 out of 40You scored 3 out of 40You scored 4 out of 40You scored 5 out of 40You scored 6 out of 40You scored 7 out of 40You scored 8 out of 40You scored 9 out of 40You scored 10 out of 40You scored 11 out of 40You scored 12 out of 40You scored 13 out of 40You scored 14 out of 40You scored 15 out of 40You scored 16 out of 40You scored 17 out of 40You scored 18 out of 40You scored 19 out of 40You scored 20 out of 40You scored 21 out of 40You scored 22 out of 40You scored 23 out of 40You scored 24 out of 40You scored 25 out of 40You scored 26 out of 40You scored 27 out of 40You scored 28 out of 40You scored 29 out of 40You scored 30 out of 40You scored 31 out of 40You scored 32 out of 40You scored 33 out of 40You scored 34 out of 40You scored 35 out of 40You scored 36 out of 40You scored 37 out of 40You scored 38 out of 40You scored 39 out of 40You scored 40 out of 40
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我們都熟悉倫敦、巴黎和東京。但世界廣大無垠,各國的行政中心往往並非你所預期的城市。從位於內陸的規劃現代主義城市,到被閃耀沿海大都市遮蔽光芒的歷史中心,辨識一個國家的真正首都是對全球素養的終極考驗。統計數據顯示,雖然大多數人能說出七大工業國組織(G7)國家的首都,但每50名參與者中只有1人能成功辨認出南美洲、非洲和中亞那些較不為人知的權力中心。你真的知道世界的統治核心在哪裡,還是只是根據著名地標在瞎猜?快來測試你的地圖閱讀能力,看看你是否為真正的地理專家。